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Technologiesmono PERC TOPCon HJT perovskite tandem bifacial floating solar onshore fixed-bottom offshore floating offshore turbine sizes large hydro run of river pumped storage conventional enhanced geothermal systems Biomass and waste to energy Tidal and wave electrolysers ammonia derivatives Back contact cells N type compared with P type cells Solar trackers and their yield gain Bifacial gain and albedo Concentrated solar power with thermal storage Rooftop and commercial and industrial solar Solar water pumping and agrivoltaics Low wind speed and typhoon class turbines Turbine size limits and logistics constraints Small hydro and canal top solar Hybrid solar, wind and storage plantsStorageLithium-ion BESS LFP vs NMC for grid storage Pumped hydro Flow batteries Thermal and sand storage 2h 4h 8h long duration Co-located solar plus storage Sodium ion batteries Power conversion systems and grid forming inverters Battery fire safety, standards and site separation rules Standalone storage tenders and revenue stacking Battery degradation, warranties and augmentation Compressed air and gravity storage Hydrogen storage and salt caverns Storage duration requirements in tenders Battery energy storage system insuranceGridInterconnection queues Curtailment Capacity factor by region Transmission build-out Grid-forming inverters and stability Cross-border interconnectors in Asia Rooftop and distributed generation Dispatch, must run status and merit order Ancillary services and frequency response markets Wheeling, banking and open access Renewable energy zones and pooled transmission High voltage direct current links and cross border projects Net metering compared with gross metering for rooftop Smart meters and time of use tariffs Microgrids, islands and off grid systems Forecasting, scheduling and deviation penaltiesMarketsChina India Japan South Korea Vietnam Australia Indonesia Philippines Thailand Taiwan Malaysia BangladeshEconomicsLCOE by technology and market Auctions and reverse bidding Feed-in tariffs Corporate PPAs Module and cell prices Polysilicon and wafer supply chain Project finance and cost of capital Subsidy and incentive schemes Module and cell price indices and anti dumping duties Safeguard duties and local content premiums Green bonds, blended finance and concessional capital Carbon credits and Article 6 transfers Insurance and natural catastrophe cover for renewable assets Currency risk in long term power purchase agreements Merchant tail risk and price cannibalisation Curtailment compensation and deemed generation Cost of capital by market and how it moves levelised costNewsCompanies and supply chainLONGi JinkoSolar Trina Solar JA Solar Canadian Solar Tongwei Hanwha Qcells First Solar Waaree Energies Adani Solar Vikram Solar Goldwind Envision Energy Mingyang Smart Energy Vestas Siemens Gamesa Suzlon Doosan Enerbility Inverters and power electronics: Sungrow, Huawei Digital Power, SMA, G Batteries and storage systems: CATL, BYD, EVE Energy, Samsung SDI, LG Developers and independent power producers: Adani Green Energy, ReNew,Engineering and construction contractors Polysilicon, wafer, glass and encapsulant suppliers trackers mounting cabling transformersPolicy and regulationapproved list of models and manufacturers production linked incentive schemes basic customs duty on cells and modules renewable purchase obligations interstate transmission charge waiver China: renewable consumption responsibility weights and the shift to m Japan: the feed in tariff to feed in premium transition and offshore w South Korea: the renewable portfolio standard and offshore wind permit Vietnam: power development plan 8 and direct power purchase agreement Indonesia: the renewable electricity presidential regulation and local Philippines: the green energy auction programme and full foreign owner Taiwan: offshore wind selection rounds and local content requirements Australia: the capacity investment scheme Carbon markets, renewable energy certificates and Article 6 trading Grid codes and connection standards

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